Market Insights

From disruption to deflation: AI is changing the investment equation

arrows pointing forward
Aug 26, 2025|ByRick Rieder

Nostalgia tells us that the world used to be simpler, but simplicity often came at the cost of progress. Productivity was limited, tools were fragmented, and decision-making was slow. Today, much of that has changed—not because we remembered to work harder, but because we built smarter tools. Over the last 30 years, technology has not just changed the way we live and work. It has rewritten the rules of growth, inflation, and returns.

Cartoon showing technology upending traditional views of growth and inflation.

Cartoonstock.com, as of 7/26/2021

From Analog Chaos to Digital Cohesion

In the 1990s, the workplace was a jungle of devices—fax machines, calculators, Rolodexes, tape recorders. Each device served a narrow function, and each function added time. The arrival of the PC consolidated these functions. The internet democratized access. The smartphone untethered it all from geography. What once took 12 tools and a filing cabinet can now be done, better and faster, on a phone screen in a coffee shop.

This dramatic compression of space and function fueled a step-change in productivity. Entire business models were built around this evolution. Investors who were early to search, mobile, and cloud rode a generational wave of compounding returns. But what came next could be even more profound.

Chart comparing rising productivity to declining unit costs, 1990-2025.

1) Federal Reserve, as of 05/31/2024
2) Food and Agriculture Association, as of 12/31/2023
3) World Bank, as of 12/31/2023
4) Apple and Statista, as of 12/31/2013

Enter AI: The Deflationary Growth Engine

We believe we are now at the early stages of the most significant productivity revolution since the internet—driven by artificial intelligence. And unlike past innovations, which digitized work, AI is now optimizing it.

AI isn’t about replacing humans. It’s about removing friction. In sectors from logistics to law, AI is already reducing decision latency, summarizing complex data, and automating routine tasks. As it moves off the screen and into physical form—through robotics, autonomous systems, and intelligent environments—the potential impact on real-world productivity is unprecedented.

If technology has always aimed to do more with less, AI is a breakthrough in doing more with far less.

  • Less labor: Routine tasks, customer support, data entry, and even basic analysis are being automated.
  • Less time: Real-time processing, from language to logistics, is speeding up throughput.
  • Less capital intensity: Software and compute scale with near-zero marginal cost.

The result? A force that pushes unit costs down and output up. In economic terms: disinflationary growth. In investment terms: higher returns on equity, expanding margins, and a re-rating of productivity leaders.

Smartphone replacing multiple standalone gadgets in one device.

1) International Data Corporation (IDC), as of 12/31/2024
2) BOND (Meeker), as of 05/30/2025

Inflation Is the Problem. AI Might Be the Answer.

The macro environment over the past several years has been dominated by concerns about inflation, debt, and secular stagnation. The Fed hiked, the yield curve inverted, and the market obsessed over soft landings. But underneath these noisy cycles, something powerful was building: AI-driven capex, revenue growth, and productivity.

Unlike traditional stimulus, which often adds to inflation, AI investment may be the rare force that boosts GDP while reducing cost pressures. Think of it as the opposite of stagflation—a scenario where rising output doesn’t require rising input. And it’s already visible:

  • Leading tech firms are compounding free cash flow and reinvesting in ways that produce real productivity, not just financial engineering.
  • The largest US companies now generate ROEs over 50%, with low leverage and historic margins.
  • AI adoption is compressing cost structures while expanding end markets. The result is growth with deflationary tendencies—a combination we’ve rarely seen at scale.

This may be the most important reason investors should pay attention. In a world worried about debt sustainability and cost-of-capital, AI offers a credible way to grow the denominator in the debt/GDP ratio.

AI browser Comet will automate key white-collar roles like recruiting…can take over many of an executive assistant’s day-to-day duties.

Aravind Srinivas
CEO of Perplexity

We expect [AI] will reduce our total corporate workforce as we get efficiency gains from using AI extensively.

Andy Jassy
CEO of Amazon
Table of AI investment size against return on investment.

Company filings, announcements, and quarterly conference calls, as of 06/30/2025

Investing in the "Good New Days"

Skeptics point to valuations. But valuations alone don’t cause corrections—fundamental deterioration does. Today’s tech leaders are not just expensive; they’re productive. The largest companies are producing multiples of the cash flows seen by previous market leaders. Their scale, moats, and cash positions make them less sensitive to higher rates and more sensitive to reinvestment opportunities.

We are not suggesting that every AI-themed asset is a buy. But the broader implication is clear: we are in the early innings of a productivity-led, investment-heavy, innovation-driven cycle. One where real income, real returns, and real growth can all be achieved—if you own the right parts of the market.

That means:

  • Staying exposed to companies with high ROEs, net cash balance sheets, and reinvestment flywheels.
  • Diversifying into sectors where AI is enhancing—not threatening—unit economics (e.g., logistics, healthcare, defense).
  • Owning income in fixed income, but equity in duration—especially where margin expansion meets deflationary growth.
Scatter chart of sector margin expansion versus deflationary growth.

Left: Bloomberg, as of 06/30/2025; Right: Bloomberg, as of 07/25/2025

Final Thought: Don’t Miss This

The risk isn’t overvaluation. It’s underexposure.

This may be one of the few moments in market history where new technology can lift both productivity and profitability while lowering inflation. That’s not just good for quality of life. It’s good for portfolios.

The "good old days" weren’t really all that good. The good new days might just be the best we’ve seen yet.

Investing involves risks, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Index performance is shown for illustrative purposes only. It is not possible to invest directly in an index.

Performance data quoted represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Investment returns and principal values may fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. All returns assume reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. Current performance may be lower or higher than that shown. Refer to blackrock.com for most recent month-end performance.

To obtain more information on the fund(s) including the Morningstar time period ratings and standardized average annual total returns as of the most recent calendar quarter and current month end, please click on the fund tile.

The Morningstar Rating for funds, or "star rating", is calculated for managed products (including mutual funds, variable annuity and variable life subaccounts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, and separate accounts) with at least a three-year history. Exchange-traded funds and open-ended mutual funds are considered a single population for comparative purposes. It is calculated based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return measure (excluding any applicable sales charges) that accounts for variation in a managed product's monthly excess performance, placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The top 10% of products in each product category receive 5 stars, the next 22.5% receive 4 stars, the next 35% receive 3 stars, the next 22.5% receive 2 stars, and the bottom 10% receive 1 star. The Overall Morningstar Rating for a managed product is derived from a weighted average of the performance figures associated with its three-, five-, and 10-year 60-119 months of total returns, and 50% 10-year rating/30% five-year rating/20% three-year rating for 120 or more months of total returns. While the 10-year overall star rating formula seems to give the most weight to the 10-year period, the most recent three-year period actually has the greatest impact because it is included in all three rating periods.

Rick Rieder
Chief Investment Officer of Global Fixed Income and Head of the Global Allocation Investment Team
Russell Brownback
Head of Global Macro Positioning Team within Global Fixed Income
Navin Saigal
Head of Fundamental Fixed Income, Asia Pacific
Dylan Price
Director, Global Fixed Income
Charlotte Widjaja
Director, Global Fixed Income
  • Market Insights

    Clip coupon income and concentrate the upside

    Nov 04, 2025|ByRick Rieder

    Rick Rieder portfolio positioning: anchor in quality bonds, add securitized spread, and concentrate equities where profit per employee and ROE are rising.

  • Fixed Income

    Fixed Income Outlook

    Stay ahead with the quarterly fixed income outlook. Understand how interest rates, geopolitics, and changing policies are driving the bond market today.

  • Market Insights

    Winning the Points That Matter When Investing

    Oct 01, 2025|ByRick Rieder

    Rick Rieder on markets in September: moderating inflation, resilient growth, and why quality income and equities remain compelling.