Market take
Weekly video_20260120
Nicholas Fawcett
Senior Economist, BlackRock Investment Institute
Opening frame: What’s driving markets? Market take
Camera frame
Title slide: Immutable economic laws back in play
Mega forces were a major driver of financial markets and macro in 2025. That’s playing out again this year, and we’re watching one key indicator: long term Treasury yields. They haven’t declined like they did historically when the Fed cut interest rates.
1: Stuck In place
That’s partly because investors are demanding more compensation for the risk of holding long-term U.S. bonds, or term premium. Why? One reason is high and rising debt burdens, which mean more bond issuance. And that’s structural – not a short-term cyclical development.
Though we saw something similar in 2025, ensuing data showed a softening labor market which gave the Fed cover to cut rates. Now market attention is back on concerns about central bank independence.
2: Renewed policy tension
December jobs data indicated that the U.S. is still in the “no hiring, no firing” stasis we’ve previously described, and doesn’t look at risk of a sudden deterioration.
And wage gains and core services inflation suggest there’s a risk that inflation persists above the Fed’s 2% target.
That could lead to fresh policy tensions between inflation and debt sustainability and spark investors demanding even more term premium.
But we think immutable economic laws are still at play, because any rapid rise in long-term yields would quickly impact debt sustainability.
3: The demand for higher term premium
We’ve long expected investors to demand more term premium, driven by looser fiscal policy, greater bond market volatility and heightened inflation uncertainty.
In fact, we see U.S. term premium doubling over a five-year horizon but that move could be quicker or larger than we expect. And higher term premium isn’t automatically negative for equities, in our view. What matters is the relative preference that investors have and how they are assessing risk.
Outro: Here’s our Market take
Renewed market worries over Fed independence underscore our underweight to long-term Treasuries on a tactical and strategic horizon. We think investors need to stay nimble and ready with a plan B, as outlined in our 2026 Global Outlook.
Closing frame: Read details: blackrock.com/weekly-commentary
Fresh worries about Federal Reserve independence highlight how immutable economic laws can limit policy extremes. We stay underweight U.S. bonds.
The S&P 500 was little changed as the fourth-quarter earnings season kicked off. U.S. Treasury yields remained in a tight range of 4.10%-4.20%.
We look to global flash PMIs for a reading on worldwide activity in a quiet data week. We also keenly watch the snap election in Japan.
Our pro-risk stance is shaped by mega forces and the AI theme driving markets and the macro – and that is playing out in early 2026. We still see a softer U.S. labor market and lower inflation allowing the Federal Reserve to keep cutting rates - though renewed worries over Fed independence could challenge our view. We stay underweight long-term U.S. bonds on both tactical and strategic horizons. But immutable economic laws tied to debt servicing costs can limit policy extremes.
Stuck in place
Change in U.S. 10-year yields from the start of Fed rate cut cycles since 1984
The figures shown relate to past performance. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. Source: BlackRock Investment Institute, with data from LSEG Datastream, January 2026. Note: The lines show the difference in 10-year U.S. Treasury yields before and after the Federal Reserve’s first interest rate cut in cutting cycles.
Mega forces like AI driving markets and the macro while the Fed still has cover to keep cutting interest rates are keeping us pro-risk. We think today’s macro environment still supports our view that lower inflation and a softer labor market allow it to do so. Renewed concerns over Fed independence after the investigation of Fed Chair Jerome Powell may challenge that view. Yet we see immutable economic laws, such as the need to finance U.S. debt, serving as a guardrail. U.S. 10-year Treasury yields haven’t dropped as they have historically when the Fed cuts rates – and are still higher since rate cuts started. See the chart. That reflects investors demanding more compensation for the risk of holding long-term U.S. bonds, or term premium, due to worries over fiscal sustainability and debt servicing costs even before the latest Fed independence concerns.
Sticky inflation may limit how much the Fed can cut rates this year beyond what markets forecast. The December data confirmed that the U.S. labor market is still in the “no hiring, no firing” stasis we’ve previously described and doesn’t look at risk of a sudden deterioration. Yet wage gains and core services inflation point to risks that inflation stays above the Fed’s 2% target. We see the potential for renewed policy tensions between inflation and debt sustainability that could spark investors demanding more term premium. But we think immutable economic laws are still at play and could curb policy changes: that any rapid rise in long-term yields would quickly impact debt sustainability.
Developments like policy uncertainty or fiscal concerns mainly transmit through the cost of capital channel by lifting risk premia, in our view. We see that transmitting clearly today in U.S. Treasuries: concerns over the U.S. fiscal outlook and worries over Fed independence that began last year have pushed the term premium higher over the past 18 months. The same mechanism shows up in equities via the equity risk premium – our preferred valuation metric that accounts for the interest rate environment. The return on capital channel – profitability and a firm’s ability to return cash – can also drive relative performance but typically only after more durable shifts. What matters for our positioning is whether a development has a meaningful, lasting impact on these channels and markets broadly. We would lean against moves where we don’t see a sustained impact, such as short-term market reactions to geopolitical events that ultimately prove contained.
This all reinforces why this environment calls for a nimble approach and plan B for portfolios based on scenarios when many potential outcomes are possible. We stay pro-risk as we think the AI theme has more room to run – even as geopolitical fragmentation and potential diminishing trust in institutions could lead to a reevaluation of global risk premia.
Fed independence worries reinforce our underweight to long-term Treasuries. We stay pro risk on mega forces like AI and a macro backdrop that should allow the Fed to keep cutting rates – and prefer equities over government bonds.
The S&P 500 was little changed overall at the start of fourth-quarter earnings season, with tech stocks lagging to start the year. Even with all the headlines of potential U.S. policy changes, markets have been relatively muted. U.S. Treasury yields have been in a range of 4.10-4.20% since the start of December. Yet Japanese ultra-long bond yields have kept hitting all-time highs on expectations for looser fiscal policy as the prime minister is expected to call a new election.
On a quieter data week, we are looking at what global flash PMIs say about global activity. Otherwise, the focus is on Japan where the expected snap election may pave the way for the ruling Liberal Democratic Party to pursue looser fiscal policy and add more pressure to global long-term bond yields. We are also looking to see if at-target euro area inflation keeps the European central bank on hold.
Past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. Indexes are unmanaged and do not account for fees. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. Sources: BlackRock Investment Institute, with data from LSEG Datastream as of January 15, 2026. Notes: The two ends of the bars show the lowest and highest returns at any point year to date, and the dots represent current year-to-date returns. Emerging market (EM), high yield and global corporate investment grade (IG) returns are denominated in U.S. dollars, and the rest in local currencies. Indexes or prices used are: spot Brent crude, ICE U.S. Dollar Index (DXY), spot gold, spot bitcoin, MSCI Emerging Markets Index, MSCI Europe Index, LSEG Datastream 10-year benchmark government bond index (U.S., Germany and Italy), Bloomberg Global High Yield Index, J.P. Morgan EMBI Index, Bloomberg Global Corporate Index and MSCI USA Index.
Euro area inflation; China GDP
UK CPI
U.S. PCE
Global flash PMIs; Japan CPI; Bank of Japan policy decision
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