The Fund manager includes environmental, social and/or governance considerations in the research, selection, monitoring and reporting phases of the investment process. This can include third-party data and material considerations, as defined by the investment team, of environmental, social or governance criteria. Where appropriate, the Fund manager undertakes rigorous research in the construction of internal research signals, which helps measure a company's exposure to, and management of, transition risks and opportunities associated with the low-carbon economy, internal and external stakeholder metrics, and board quality and composition. These signals consider key performance indicators, as determined by the investment team, within the relevant ESG themes. Once these indicators have met the criteria necessary to be incorporated into the signal, this information may be incorporated into investment decisions on an ongoing basis. The Fund manager may additionally examine environmental exposures such as carbon emissions intensity and clean technology revenue during the reporting phase. These are sourced from Aladdin or directly from third-party data providers.