Image captures the essence of tokenization through a visual metaphor of individual elements coming together to create a greater whole, reflecting how fractional components collectively build value.

What are tokenized money market funds?

Understand the fundamentals of tokenized money market funds and how they are supporting the evolution of digital market infrastructure.

Introduction

Tokenized money market funds (tMMFs) represent the next evolution of cash investing, combining the stability of a traditional money market fund (MMF) with the efficiency of blockchain technology. Shares are issued as digital tokens directly to an investor’s wallet, while the underlying portfolio continues to meet the same quality, liquidity and diversification standards that investors expect.

Ownership is maintained through on-chain books and records, enabling greater operational efficiency and supporting 24/7 peer-to-peer transferability between approved investors. tMMFs are helping to modernise market infrastructure and support the growing integration of traditional finance with digital ecosystems, while maintaining the core characteristics of traditional money market fund investing.

Key takeaways

  • 01

    Traditional money market fund benefits

    tMMFs are designed to preserve the core benefits investors expect from money market funds, including quality, liquidity, diversification, and cash management utility.

  • 02

    Digital ownership with enhanced efficiency

    Fund shares are represented as digital tokens held in investor wallets, with verifiable on-chain books and records that can help automate recordkeeping, transfers, and other traditionally manual processes.

  • 03

    New capabilities enabled by tokenization

    Tokenization can unlock capabilities beyond traditional MMFs, including 24/7 transferability, programmable workflows, digital wallet-native access, and potential use in digital collateral or liquidity solutions.

What are the key features of tokenized money market funds?

On-chain recordkeeping and programmability

Fund shares are issued as tokens on supported public blockchains, enabling access through approved digital wallets and automated transaction processes

GENIUS Act aligned

The funds intend to invest in eligible reserve assets for payment stablecoins under the GENIUS Act

24/7 peer-to-peer transfers

Tokens are transferable at any time between allow-listed wallets, with near real-time settlement outside traditional market operating hours

On-chain redemptions

Redemptions may be initiated on-chain by transferring tokens to a designated redemption wallet address

Daily Yield Accrual

Dividends accrue daily, including weekends, enabling holders to earn yield for each day tokens are held. Distributions are paid directly to wallets

Institutional-grade controls and resilience

Participation is limited to KYC/AML-approved investors using approved custodians or wallets, with transfer agent records providing resilience in the event of a disruption

What are the benefits of tokenization?

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24x7 global liquidity capacity

Access liquidity around the clock across time zones, helping investors manage cash whenever opportunities or needs arise
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Near instantaneous peer-to-peer transfers

Enable the rapid transfer of ownership between eligible investors without relying on traditional market infrastructure
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Reduced friction through digitisation

Digitised processes can help streamline transactions, reduce manual touchpoints and improve operational efficiency
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Interoperability across platforms

Digital assets can interact across compatible platforms and ecosystems, supporting greater connectivity and flexibility
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Automation of administrative functions

Automate selected operational processes, helping to reduce administrative burden and improve scalability

Tokenized money market funds use cases

  • tMMFs may be used for stablecoin backing, serving as reserve assets within digital cash ecosystems. This allows issuers to hold liquid, income‑generating instruments while supporting stable value structures.

  • tMMFs can support treasury management by providing access to U.S. dollar yield while holding assets on blockchain infrastructure. This enables investors to maintain exposure to high‑quality, short‑term instruments while benefiting from digital delivery.

  • tMMFs can be used as collateral for trading, enabling the use of high-quality, Treasury‑backed assets in trading and financing activities. This supports more efficient deployment of capital within both traditional and digital markets.

Comparing the investor experience: traditional vs. tokenized money market funds

Investor experience

Current experience in analog shares

Investor experience in tokenized shares

Investor wallets

N/A

Investors expected to hold digital wallets at supported digital wallet providers

 

Onboarding and eligibility

AML/KYC checks performed by Fund Transfer Agent prior to account opening

Wallet screening will be performed in addition to AML/KYC checks by Fund Transfer Agent prior to account opening and on a recurring daily basis

Subscriptions

Initiated via traditional methods in line with fund cutoffs

Initiated via traditional methods in line with fund cutoffs. Post-settlement, tokens would be minted to the investor’s wallet

Redemptions

Initiated via traditional methods in line with fund cutoffs

Redemptions would be initiated on-chain only through a “transfer” of tokens to the fund redemption wallet address, in line with existing fund cut-offs. The tokenization service provider would notify the Transfer Agent of a redemption request for the relevant shares

 

Peer-to-Peer (“P2P”) transfers

Transfers go through Fund Transfer Agent

Transfer of a token can take place 24/7 between any allow-listed investors

Account access / privacy / security

Access secured by username/password/MFA that the investor has with their Brokerage/Order placement system. Theft or unauthorized access risks rely on the traditional financial institution's security

Investors (or their wallet providers) would be expected to manage private keys. Loss of private keys could result in loss of access to fund tokens until the Transfer Agent is able to remediate the situation. Transaction data visible on the blockchain would be pseudonymised, helping to protect shareholder identity, provided the Transfer Agent’s off-chain records remain secure

Valuation

NAV calculated by Fund Accountant then applied by the Transfer Agent

No change

Income accrual and distribution

Investors holding shares at the fund cut-off will be entitled to income. Accruals are paid monthly, either through dividend reinvestment or distribution

Investors holding shares at the daily cut-off are entitled to income. As tokenized shares can be transferred on any day, including weekends, income entitlement may transfer between investors accordingly. Accruals are paid through dividend reinvestment or distribution in line with the fund's distribution approach

Portfolio monitoring

Portfolio metrics and holdings transparency

No change

What investors will need to get started

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Essential knowledge

Essential knowledge

Build a foundational understanding of digital assets and tokenized money market funds to support informed investment and operational decisions

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Investment policy

Investment policy

Ensure your Investment Policy allows for tMMFs & your organization will allow for digital wallets on a public blockchain

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Wallet infrastructure

Wallet infrastructure

Set up a supported digital wallet and prepare the necessary wallet infrastructure.

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Digital account

Digital account

Complete tMMF account onboarding & addendum

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Operational workflows

Operational workflows

Review trading and operating workflows to adjust for tokenized fund workflows and have the oversight needed in place

FAQs

  • “Tokenized” means the shares are only issued natively on-chain; one token represents one share.

  • The key difference with these products is the use of tokenization for issuing shares to investors. OnChain Shares are issued in the form of tokens that are minted onto a blockchain and transferred to an investor’s digital wallet, which enables new capabilities for investors.

    While traditional money market fund shares are issued to investors in book-entry form onto a traditional transfer agency ledger, OnChain Shares introduce potential flexibility in how investors access and transfer liquidity with faster settlement times.

    Additionally, these products will offer benefits like 24/7/365 peer-to-peer transfers and on-chain record ownership which do not exist in our money market funds today.

  • Investors’ wallet addresses, token balances, and transactions may be visible on-chain. Other PII is kept off-chain and wallet-to-client identity mapping is maintained through the transfer agent. Omnibus/nominee structures may further centralize on-chain visibility to a single wallet where appropriate.

  • Investor ownership is safeguarded by the fact the transfer agent maintains the shareholder register as another record. If a tokenization component is disrupted, the model is designed so investor servicing can continue based on the traditional TA register, with contingency for prolonged tokenization/network outages treated as part of the operating resilience design.

  • Public blockchain networks require the payment of certain transaction fees to execute a transaction on the applicable network. These fees are typically paid in the native digital asset for the operation of the blockchain network (such as in the form of “ether,” the native digital asset for the operation of Ethereum). These transaction fees (sometimes called “gas fees”) are paid to execute a transaction.

    For transactions relating to purchases of OnChain Shares and dividend distributions, transaction fees will be the responsibility of BlackRock, and shareholders will not be required to purchase any native digital asset to transact on the applicable network. Redemption transactions or peer-to-peer transactions will require the shareholder to pay the gas fees.

  • Institutional investors seeking to bring cash management on-chain, including treasury teams, financial institutions and participants in digital asset ecosystems looking for a regulated money market fund that combines traditional MMF features with blockchain-enabled capabilities such as 24/7 transferability, operational efficiency and integration into digital workflows.