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CASH ACADEMY

What do terminal rates mean for cash management?

Over the last year, numerous central banks in developed markets have experienced a prolonged phase of rapid interest rate increases, unprecedented in pace. With expectations of central banks lowering rates this year, inquiries arise regarding the future of money market fund flows.
What are money market funds? What are money market funds?
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Investor considerations

Cash segmentation Economic outlook Risk tolerance
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Operating, core, strategic

Investors could take time to consider that their operating and core cash positions utilize MMFs, effectively avoiding being in low/no interest-bearing undiversified bank deposits.

Cash management strategies should consider the different requirements for your operational, core and strategic cash balances.

Utilizing different types of MMFs and segmenting appropriately may help investors put their cash to work by maximizing the benefits of more flexible credit and duration thresholds in strategic cash allocations without the increased volatility which can be found by venturing into fixed income products.

2024

Looking at forward pricing from central banks and the market assumption that rates are likely to stay higher for longer, if this is indeed the case, investors may benefit from these higher rates being passed through MMFs for years to come.

When rate cuts are priced in and there is an inverted yield curve, short duration investing may offer competitive risk adjusted returns, locking in short term yields.

Volatility

Relative ‘certainty’ of central bank rates does not equate to general market stability, and as we have seen, outlooks can quickly change. Investors must be prepared in case of more volatility in the coming quarters and are aware of the risks of investing further out the curve.

MMFs remain high quality and low volatility investments available to investors and are often favored by investors in volatile markets in uncertain times to possibly mitigate market losses.

Portfolio management

Potentially maximizing Alpha by utilizing duration and credit

The structural shift we have seen from central banks indicates they won't be coming to 'the rescue’ with rate cuts as they have done historically during periods of declining growth. As a result, both duration and credit may play an important role in enhancing returns for investors.

As we move into an environment where there is more certainty about the future path of rates, managers may extend duration to a more neutral stance with less risk of near-term mark-to-market movements on fund net asset values (NAV). The funds may also benefit from taking measured credit risk within MMF parameters seeking to enhance the portfolio yield.

Throughout 2023, MMF managers held higher than average liquidity levels to mitigate against volatility in rate movements and investor flows.2 They accomplished this by relying on reverse repurchase agreements backed by government, government agencies and overnight time deposits which typically track closely to the overnight risk-free rate. With more clarity on the rate path, fund managers may benefit by moving to a more balanced portfolio daily and weekly liquidity and diversifying their asset allocation2 in terms of security type as well as duration. This could see the portfolio climbing away from the risk-free rate in terms of portfolio performance and may offer even more attractive yields for clients.

Capital preservation and liquidity

In the quarters ahead, we expect risk sentiment to be highly sensitive to surprises in inflation, growth and monetary policy. It is more important than ever that investors consider their risk appetite given the large degree of uncertainty still in the industry.

Holding short-term MMFs has been protection for many against mark-to-market losses in the rising rate environment. This is especially true now, given rates have spiked to their highest levels in decades. Volatility is expected to continue in 2024. Stagnating developed market growth, escalation in geopolitical tensions as well as significant democratic elections all over the world play into the theme of more uncertainty for economies everywhere. Money market funds are still uniquely positioned to focus on capital preservation and liquidity. Their widely perceived view as a ‘safe haven’ for assets could see them as an attractive place for clients to park funds and ride out any volatility in 2024.

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Cameron Roberts
Cameron Roberts
Vice President, BlackRock Cash Management
Cameron Roberts is a member of the Product Strategy team within the International Cash business in BlackRock's Global Markets Group and a recent winner of a Principles Award for Performance.